# Classes and Methods for Spatial Data

## Documentation for package ‘sp’ version 2.2-3

- DESCRIPTION file
- User guides, package vignettes and other documentation
- Code demos. Use demo() to run them.
- Package NEWS

## Help Pages

A B C D E F G H I L M O P R S T W Z misc

## -- A --

addAttrToGeom | constructs SpatialXxxDataFrame from geometry and attributes
addAttrToGeom-method | constructs SpatialXxxDataFrame from geometry and attributes
addAttrToGeom-methods | constructs SpatialXxxDataFrame from geometry and attributes
aggregate | aggregation of spatial objects
aggregate.Spatial | aggregation of spatial objects
areaSpatialGrid | define spatial grid
as.array.SpatialGridDataFrame | Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
as.character.DMS | Convert character vector to DMS-class object
as.data.frame.SpatialGrid | Class "SpatialGrid"
as.data.frame.SpatialGridDataFrame | Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
as.data.frame.SpatialMultiPoints | Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
as.data.frame.SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame | Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
as.data.frame.SpatialPixels | Class "SpatialPixels"
as.data.frame.SpatialPixelsDataFrame | Class "SpatialPixelsDataFrame"
as.data.frame.SpatialPoints | Class "SpatialPoints"
as.data.frame.SpatialPointsDataFrame | Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
as.data.frame.SpatialPolygons | Class "SpatialPolygons"
as.data.frame.SpatialPolygonsDataFrame | Class "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame"
as.double.DMS | Class "DMS" for degree, minute, decimal second values
as.image.SpatialGridDataFrame | Image or contour method for gridded spatial data; convert to and from image data structure
as.numeric.DMS | Class "DMS" for degree, minute, decimal second values
as.SpatialLines.SLDF | create objects of class SpatialLines or SpatialLinesDataFrame
as.SpatialPoints.SpatialPointsDataFrame | Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
as.SpatialPolygons.GridTopology | Make SpatialPolygons object from GridTopology object
as.SpatialPolygons.PolygonsList | Making SpatialPolygons objects
as.SpatialPolygons.SpatialPixels | Make SpatialPolygons object from GridTopology object
as.SpatialPolygonsDataFrame.SpatialPolygons | Class "SpatialPolygons"

## -- B --

bbexpand | panel and panel utility functions for spplot
bbox | retrieve bbox from spatial data
bbox-method | retrieve bbox from spatial data
bbox-methods | retrieve bbox from spatial data
bpy.colors | blue-pink-yellow color scheme, which also prints well on black/white printers
bubble | Create a bubble plot of spatial data

## -- C --

cbind.Spatial | Class "Spatial"
cbind.SpatialGridDataFrame | Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
char2dms | Convert character vector to DMS-class object
coerce-method | Class "DMS" for degree, minute, decimal second values
coerce-method | Class "GridTopology"
coerce-method | Class "SpatialGrid"
coerce-method | Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
coerce-method | a class for spatial lines
coerce-method | a class for spatial lines with attributes
coerce-method | Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
coerce-method | Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
coerce-method | Class "SpatialPixels"
coerce-method | Class "SpatialPixelsDataFrame"
coerce-method | Class "SpatialPoints"
coerce-method | Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
coerce-method | Class "SpatialPolygons"
coerce-method | Class "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame"
coerce-method | Make SpatialPolygons object from GridTopology object
coerce-method | Convert character vector to DMS-class object
compassRose | Display a compass rose.
contour.SpatialGridDataFrame | Image or contour method for gridded spatial data; convert to and from image data structure
contour.SpatialPixelsDataFrame | Image or contour method for gridded spatial data; convert to and from image data structure
coordinates | set spatial coordinates to create a Spatial object, or retrieve spatial coordinates from a Spatial object
coordinates-method | Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
coordinates-method | Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
coordinates-method | retrieve (or set) spatial coordinates
coordinates-methods | retrieve (or set) spatial coordinates
coordinates<- | set spatial coordinates to create a Spatial object, or retrieve spatial coordinates from a Spatial object
coordinates<--method | Class "Spatial"
coordinates<--method | retrieve (or set) spatial coordinates
coordinatevalues | define spatial grid
coordnames | retrieve or assign coordinate names for classes in sp
coordnames-method | Class "SpatialGrid"
coordnames-method | retrieve or assign coordinate names for classes in sp
coordnames-methods | retrieve or assign coordinate names for classes in sp
coordnames<- | retrieve or assign coordinate names for classes in sp
coordnames<--method | retrieve or assign coordinate names for classes in sp
CRS | Class "CRS" of coordinate reference system arguments
CRS-class | Class "CRS" of coordinate reference system arguments

## -- D --

dd2dms | Convert character vector to DMS-class object
degAxis | axis with degrees
degreeLabelsEW | Calculate aspect ratio for plotting geographic maps; create nice degree axis labels
degreeLabelsNS | Calculate aspect ratio for plotting geographic maps; create nice degree axis labels
dim.SpatialGridDataFrame | Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
dim.SpatialLinesDataFrame | a class for spatial lines with attributes
dim.SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame | Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
dim.SpatialPixelsDataFrame | Class "SpatialPixelsDataFrame"
dim.SpatialPointsDataFrame | Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
dim.SpatialPolygonsDataFrame | Class "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame"
dimensions | retrieve spatial dimensions from spatial data
dimensions-method | retrieve spatial dimensions from spatial data
disaggregate | disaggregate SpatialLines, SpatialLinesDataFrame, SpatialPolygons, or SpatialPolygonsDataFrame objects
disaggregate-method | disaggregate SpatialLines, SpatialLinesDataFrame, SpatialPolygons, or SpatialPolygonsDataFrame objects
disaggregate-methods | disaggregate SpatialLines, SpatialLinesDataFrame, SpatialPolygons, or SpatialPolygonsDataFrame objects
DMS-class | Class "DMS" for degree, minute, decimal second values

## -- E --

elide | Methods for Function elide in Package 'maptools'
elide-method | Methods for Function elide in Package 'maptools'
elide-methods | Methods for Function elide in Package 'maptools'

## -- F --

flipHorizontal | rearrange data in SpatialPointsDataFrame or SpatialGridDataFrame for plotting with spplot (levelplot/xyplot wrapper)
flipVertical | rearrange data in SpatialPointsDataFrame or SpatialGridDataFrame for plotting with spplot (levelplot/xyplot wrapper)
fullgrid | specify spatial data as being gridded, or find out whether they are
fullgrid-method | specify spatial data as being gridded, or find out whether they are
fullgrid<- | specify spatial data as being gridded, or find out whether they are
fullgrid<--method | specify spatial data as being gridded, or find out whether they are

## -- G --

geometry | Methods for retrieving the geometry from a composite (geometry + attributes) object
geometry-method | Methods for retrieving the geometry from a composite (geometry + attributes) object
geometry-methods | Methods for retrieving the geometry from a composite (geometry + attributes) object
geometry<- | Methods for retrieving the geometry from a composite (geometry + attributes) object
geometry<--method | Methods for retrieving the geometry from a composite (geometry + attributes) object
getGridIndex | define spatial grid
getGridTopology | define spatial grid
getLinesIDSlot | Deprecated functions in sp
getLinesLinesSlot | Deprecated functions in sp
getParUsrBB | Class "Spatial"
getPolygonAreaSlot | Deprecated functions in sp
getPolygonCoordsSlot | Deprecated functions in sp
getPolygonHoleSlot | Deprecated functions in sp
getPolygonLabptSlot | Deprecated functions in sp
getPolygonsIDSlot | Deprecated functions in sp
getPolygonsLabptSlot | Deprecated functions in sp
getPolygonsplotOrderSlot | Deprecated functions in sp
getPolygonsPolygonsSlot | Deprecated functions in sp
getSLLinesIDSlots | Deprecated functions in sp
getSLlinesSlot | Deprecated functions in sp
getSpatialLinesMidPoints | create objects of class SpatialLines or SpatialLinesDataFrame
getSpatialPolygonsLabelPoints | create objects of class SpatialPolygons or SpatialPolygonsDataFrame
getSpPnHoles | Deprecated functions in sp
getSpPnParts | Deprecated functions in sp
getSpPplotOrderSlot | Deprecated functions in sp
getSpPPolygonsIDSlots | Deprecated functions in sp
getSpPPolygonsLabptSlots | Deprecated functions in sp
getSpPpolygonsSlot | Deprecated functions in sp
get_col_regions | Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
get_evolution_status | Deprecated functions in sp
get_ll_TOL | Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
get_ll_warn | Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
get_Polypath | Class "SpatialPolygons"
get_PolypathRule | Class "SpatialPolygons"
get_ReplCRS_warn | Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
gridat | Create N-S and E-W grid lines over a geographic region
gridded | specify spatial data as being gridded, or find out whether they are
gridded-method | specify spatial data as being gridded, or find out whether they are
gridded-methods | specify spatial data as being gridded, or find out whether they are
gridded<- | specify spatial data as being gridded, or find out whether they are
gridded<--method | specify spatial data as being gridded, or find out whether they are
gridIndex2nb | create neighbourhood (nb) object from grid geometry
gridlines | Create N-S and E-W grid lines over a geographic region
gridparameters | specify spatial data as being gridded, or find out whether they are
GridsDatums | Grids and Datums PE&RS listing
GridTopology | define spatial grid
GridTopology-class | Class "GridTopology"
gt | Rlogo jpeg image

## -- H --

head.Spatial | Class "Spatial"
HexPoints2SpatialPolygons | Make SpatialPolygons object from GridTopology object

## -- I --

identicalCRS | Class "CRS" of coordinate reference system arguments
IDvaluesGridTopology | Make SpatialPolygons object from GridTopology object
IDvaluesSpatialPixels | Make SpatialPolygons object from GridTopology object
im-class | Class "Spatial"
image.SpatialGridDataFrame | Image or contour method for gridded spatial data; convert to and from image data structure
image.SpatialPixels | Image or contour method for gridded spatial data; convert to and from image data structure
image.SpatialPixelsDataFrame | Image or contour method for gridded spatial data; convert to and from image data structure
image2Grid | Image or contour method for gridded spatial data; convert to and from image data structure
imageScale | Image or contour method for gridded spatial data; convert to and from image data structure
is.projected | Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
is.projected-method | Class "CRS" of coordinate reference system arguments
is.projected-method | Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData

## -- L --

labels | Create N-S and E-W grid lines over a geographic region
labels.SpatialLines | Create N-S and E-W grid lines over a geographic region
layout.north.arrow | Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
layout.scale.bar | Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
Line | create objects of class Line or Lines
Line-class | Class '"Line"'
LineLength | create objects of class SpatialLines or SpatialLinesDataFrame
Lines | create objects of class Line or Lines
Lines-class | Class '"Lines"'
LinesLength | create objects of class SpatialLines or SpatialLinesDataFrame
loadMeuse | deprecated function to load the Meuse data set
longlat.scales | panel and panel utility functions for spplot

## -- M --

makegrid | sample point locations in (or on) a spatial object
mapasp | Calculate aspect ratio for plotting geographic maps; create nice degree axis labels
mapLegendGrob | Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
merge | Merge a Spatial* object having attributes with a data.frame
merge-method | Merge a Spatial* object having attributes with a data.frame
meuse | Meuse river data set
meuse.area | River Meuse outline
meuse.grid | Prediction Grid for Meuse Data Set
meuse.grid_ll | Prediction Grid for Meuse Data Set, geographical coordinates
meuse.riv | River Meuse outline

## -- O --

over | consistent spatial overlay for points, grids and polygons
over-method | consistent spatial overlay for points, grids and polygons
over-methods | consistent spatial overlay for points, grids and polygons
overDF_for_rgeos | consistent spatial overlay for points, grids and polygons
owin-class | Class "Spatial"

## -- P --

panel.ggmap | Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
panel.gridplot | panel and panel utility functions for spplot
panel.pointsplot | panel and panel utility functions for spplot
panel.polygonsplot | panel and panel utility functions for spplot
panel.RgoogleMaps | Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
panel.spplot | panel and panel utility functions for spplot
plot-method | Class "Spatial"
plot-method | Class "SpatialGrid"
plot-method | Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
plot-method | a class for spatial lines
plot-method | Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
plot-method | Class "SpatialPixels"
plot-method | Class "SpatialPixelsDataFrame"
plot-method | Class "SpatialPoints"
plot-method | Class "SpatialPolygons"
plot.SpatialGrid | define spatial grid
plot.SpatialGridDataFrame | Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
plot.SpatialPixelsDataFrame | Class "SpatialPixelsDataFrame"
point.in.polygon | do point(s) fall in a given polygon?
points-method | Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
points-method | Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
points2grid | define spatial grid
Polygon | create objects of class SpatialPolygons or SpatialPolygonsDataFrame
Polygon-class | Class "Polygon"
Polygons | create objects of class SpatialPolygons or SpatialPolygonsDataFrame
polygons | sets spatial coordinates to create spatial data, or retrieves spatial coordinates
Polygons-class | Class "Polygons"
polygons-method | Retrieve polygons from SpatialPolygonsDataFrame object
polygons-methods | Retrieve polygons from SpatialPolygonsDataFrame object
polygons<- | sets spatial coordinates to create spatial data, or retrieves spatial coordinates
polygons<--method | Retrieve polygons from SpatialPolygonsDataFrame object
ppp-class | Class "Spatial"
print.CRS | Class "CRS" of coordinate reference system arguments
print.DMS | Class "DMS" for degree, minute, decimal second values
print.SpatialMultiPoints | Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
print.SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame | Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
print.SpatialPoints | Class "SpatialPoints"
print.SpatialPointsDataFrame | Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
print.summary.GridTopology | Class "GridTopology"
print.summary.Spatial | Class "Spatial"
print.summary.SpatialGrid | Class "SpatialGrid"
print.summary.SpatialGridDataFrame | Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
print.summary.SpatialPixels | Class "SpatialPixels"
print.summary.SpatialPixelsDataFrame | Class "SpatialPixelsDataFrame"
proj4string | Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
proj4string-method | Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
proj4string<- | Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
proj4string<--method | Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
psp-class | Class "Spatial"

## -- R --

rbind.SpatialLines | a class for spatial lines
rbind.SpatialLinesDataFrame | a class for spatial lines with attributes
rbind.SpatialMultiPoints | Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
rbind.SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame | Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
rbind.SpatialPixels | Class "SpatialPixels"
rbind.SpatialPixelsDataFrame | Class "SpatialPixelsDataFrame"
rbind.SpatialPoints | Class "SpatialPoints"
rbind.SpatialPointsDataFrame | Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
rbind.SpatialPolygons | Class "SpatialPolygons"
rbind.SpatialPolygonsDataFrame | Class "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame"
read.asciigrid | read/write to/from (ESRI) asciigrid format
rebuild_CRS | Class "CRS" of coordinate reference system arguments
rebuild_CRS-method | Class "CRS" of coordinate reference system arguments
rebuild_CRS-method | Class "Spatial"
recenter | Methods for Function recenter in Package 'sp'
recenter-method | Methods for Function recenter in Package 'sp'
recenter-methods | Methods for Function recenter in Package 'sp'
remove.duplicates | find point pairs with equal spatial coordinates
Rlogo | Rlogo jpeg image
row.names.SpatialLines | a class for spatial lines
row.names.SpatialLinesDataFrame | a class for spatial lines with attributes
row.names.SpatialMultiPoints | Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
row.names.SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame | Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
row.names.SpatialPoints | Class "SpatialPoints"
row.names.SpatialPointsDataFrame | Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
row.names.SpatialPolygons | Class "SpatialPolygons"
row.names.SpatialPolygonsDataFrame | Class "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame"

## -- S --

select.spatial | select points spatially
setParUsrBB | Class "Spatial"
set_col_regions | Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
set_evolution_status | Deprecated functions in sp
set_ll_TOL | Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
set_ll_warn | Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
set_Polypath | Class "SpatialPolygons"
set_PolypathRule | Class "SpatialPolygons"
set_ReplCRS_warn | Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
show-method | Class "CRS" of coordinate reference system arguments
show-method | Class "DMS" for degree, minute, decimal second values
show-method | Class "GridTopology"
show-method | Class "SpatialGrid"
show-method | Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
show-method | Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
show-method | Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
show-method | Class "SpatialPixels"
show-method | Class "SpatialPixelsDataFrame"
show-method | Class "SpatialPoints"
show-method | Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
ShowSpatialPointsDataFrame | Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
sp | A package providing classes and methods for spatial data: points, lines, polygons and grids
sp.grid | panel and panel utility functions for spplot
sp.lines | panel and panel utility functions for spplot
sp.panel.layout | panel and panel utility functions for spplot
sp.points | panel and panel utility functions for spplot
sp.polygons | panel and panel utility functions for spplot
sp.text | panel and panel utility functions for spplot
sp.theme | Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
sp2Mondrian | write map data for Mondrian
Spatial | Class "Spatial"
Spatial-class | Class "Spatial"
SpatialGrid | define spatial grid
SpatialGrid-class | Class "SpatialGrid"
SpatialGridDataFrame | define spatial grid with attribute data
SpatialGridDataFrame-class | Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
SpatialLines | create objects of class SpatialLines or SpatialLinesDataFrame
SpatialLines-class | a class for spatial lines
SpatialLinesDataFrame | create objects of class SpatialLines or SpatialLinesDataFrame
SpatialLinesDataFrame-class | a class for spatial lines with attributes
SpatialLinesLengths | create objects of class SpatialLines or SpatialLinesDataFrame
SpatialMultiPoints | create objects of class SpatialMultiPoints or SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame
SpatialMultiPoints-class | Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame | create objects of class SpatialMultiPoints or SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame
SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame-class | Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
SpatialPixels | define spatial grid
SpatialPixels-class | Class "SpatialPixels"
SpatialPixelsDataFrame | define spatial grid with attribute data
SpatialPixelsDataFrame-class | Class "SpatialPixelsDataFrame"
SpatialPoints | create objects of class SpatialPoints or SpatialPointsDataFrame
SpatialPoints-class | Class "SpatialPoints"
SpatialPointsDataFrame | create objects of class SpatialPoints or SpatialPointsDataFrame
SpatialPointsDataFrame-class | Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
SpatialPolygons | create objects of class SpatialPolygons or SpatialPolygonsDataFrame
SpatialPolygons-class | Class "SpatialPolygons"
SpatialPolygonsDataFrame | create objects of class SpatialPolygons or SpatialPolygonsDataFrame
SpatialPolygonsDataFrame-class | Class "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame"
SpatialPolygonsRescale | panel and panel utility functions for spplot
spChFIDs | change feature IDs in spatial objects
spChFIDs-method | change feature IDs in spatial objects
spChFIDs-methods | change feature IDs in spatial objects
spChFIDs<- | change feature IDs in spatial objects
spChFIDs<--method | change feature IDs in spatial objects
spDists | Euclidean or Great Circle distance between points
spDistsN1 | Euclidean or Great Circle distance between points
spmap.to.lev | rearrange data in SpatialPointsDataFrame or SpatialGridDataFrame for plotting with spplot (levelplot/xyplot wrapper)
sppanel | Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
sppanel-method | Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
sppanel-methods | Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
spplot | Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
spplot-method | Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
spplot-methods | Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
spplot.grid | Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
spplot.key | panel and panel utility functions for spplot
spplot.locator | Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
spplot.points | Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
spplot.polygons | Plot methods for spatial data with attributes
spsample | sample point locations in (or on) a spatial object
spsample-method | sample point locations in (or on) a spatial object
spsample-methods | sample point locations in (or on) a spatial object
spTransform | spTransform for map projection and datum transformation
spTransform-method | spTransform for map projection and datum transformation
spTransform-methods | spTransform for map projection and datum transformation
stack.SpatialGridDataFrame | rearrange data in SpatialPointsDataFrame or SpatialGridDataFrame for plotting with spplot (levelplot/xyplot wrapper)
stack.SpatialPointsDataFrame | rearrange data in SpatialPointsDataFrame or SpatialGridDataFrame for plotting with spplot (levelplot/xyplot wrapper)
subset.Spatial | Class "Spatial"
summary-method | Class "GridTopology"
summary-method | Class "Spatial"
summary-method | Class "SpatialGrid"
summary-method | a class for spatial lines
summary-method | Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
summary-method | Class "SpatialPixels"
summary-method | Class "SpatialPoints"
summary-method | Class "SpatialPolygons"
summary.SpatialMultiPoints | Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
summary.SpatialPoints | Class "SpatialPoints"
surfaceArea | Compute surface area of a digital elevation model.
surfaceArea-method | Compute surface area of a digital elevation model.
surfaceArea.matrix | Compute surface area of a digital elevation model.

## -- T --

tail.Spatial | Class "Spatial"
text | Create N-S and E-W grid lines over a geographic region
text.SpatialPointsDataFrame | Create N-S and E-W grid lines over a geographic region

## -- W --

wkt | Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
wkt-method | Class "CRS" of coordinate reference system arguments
wkt-method | Sets or retrieves projection attributes on classes extending SpatialData
write.asciigrid | read/write to/from (ESRI) asciigrid format

## -- Z --

zerodist | find point pairs with equal spatial coordinates
zerodist2 | find point pairs with equal spatial coordinates

## -- misc --

$-method | Class "Spatial"
$-method | Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
$-method | Class "SpatialPoints"
$<--method | Class "Spatial"
$<--method | Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
$<--method | Class "SpatialPoints"
%over% | consistent spatial overlay for points, grids and polygons
[-method | Class "SpatialGrid"
[-method | Class "SpatialGridDataFrame"
[-method | a class for spatial lines
[-method | a class for spatial lines with attributes
[-method | Class "SpatialMultiPoints"
[-method | Class "SpatialMultiPointsDataFrame"
[-method | Class "SpatialPixels"
[-method | Class "SpatialPixelsDataFrame"
[-method | Class "SpatialPoints"
[-method | Class "SpatialPointsDataFrame"
[-method | Class "SpatialPolygons"
[-method | Class "SpatialPolygonsDataFrame"
[<--method | Class "Spatial"
[[-method | Class "Spatial"
[[<--method | Class "Spatial"