Type: Package
Title: Computation and Visualisation of Atmospheric Convective Parameters
Version: 1.1.5
Maintainer: Bartosz Czernecki <nwp@amu.edu.pl>
Description: Allow to compute and visualise convective parameters commonly used in the operational prediction of severe convective storms. Core algorithm is based on a highly optimized 'C++' code linked into 'R' via 'Rcpp'. Highly efficient engine allows to derive thermodynamic and kinematic parameters from large numerical datasets such as reanalyses or operational Numerical Weather Prediction models in a reasonable amount of time. Package has been developed since 2017 by research meteorologists specializing in severe thunderstorms. The most relevant methods used in the package based on the following publications Stipanuk (1973) https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD0769739.pdf, McCann et al. (1994) <doi:10.1175/1520-0434(1994)009%3C0532:WNIFFM%3E2.0.CO;2>, Bunkers et al. (2000) <doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2000)015%3C0061:PSMUAN%3E2.0.CO;2>, Corfidi et al. (2003) <doi:10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018%3C0997:CPAMPF%3E2.0.CO;2>, Showalter (1953) <doi:10.1175/1520-0477-34.6.250>, Coffer et al. (2019) <doi:10.1175/WAF-D-19-0115.1>, Gropp and Davenport (2019) <doi:10.1175/WAF-D-17-0150.1>, Czernecki et al. (2019) <doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.05.010>, Taszarek et al. (2020) <doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-20-0346.1>, Sherburn and Parker (2014) <doi:10.1175/WAF-D-13-00041.1>, Romanic et al. (2022) <doi:10.1016/j.wace.2022.100474>.
License: GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)]
Imports: aiRthermo, curl, dplyr, httr, Rcpp (≥ 0.12.9.4)
Depends: R (≥ 4.0)
Suggests: knitr, rmarkdown, testthat (≥ 3.0.0)
LinkingTo: Rcpp
RoxygenNote: 7.3.2
Encoding: UTF-8
URL: https://bczernecki.github.io/thundeR/
BugReports: https://github.com/bczernecki/thunder/issues/
VignetteBuilder: knitr
Config/testthat/edition: 2
LazyData: true
NeedsCompilation: yes
Packaged: 2025-06-05 21:00:13 UTC; bartosz
Author: Bartosz Czernecki ORCID iD [aut, cre], Mateusz Taszarek ORCID iD [aut], Piotr Szuster ORCID iD [aut]
Repository: CRAN
Date/Publication: 2025-06-05 21:20:02 UTC

Download rawinsonde measurement

Description

Download rawinsonde measurement from sounding database of the University of Wyoming in a form convenient to use with thundeR package. In case of problems with downloading the chosen dataset the url is checked 5 times in 5-second intervals.

Usage

get_sounding(wmo_id, yy, mm, dd, hh, metadata = FALSE)

Arguments

wmo_id

international WMO station code (e.g. 11035 for Vienna)

yy

year - single number (e.g. 2010)

mm

month - single number (e.g. 5)

dd

day - single number (e.g. 23)

hh

hour - single number (e.g. 0)

metadata

- logical, whether to return metadata of downloaded sounding; default FALSE

Value

Returns two lists with values described at: weather.uwyo.edu ; The first list contains:

  1. pressure - pressure [hPa]

  2. altitude - altitude [meters]

  3. temp - temperature [degree Celsius]

  4. dpt - dew point temperature [degree Celsius]

  5. wd - wind direction [azimuth in degrees]

  6. ws - wind speed [knots]

If metadata = TRUE then retrieved data is wrapped into a second list containing available metadata

Source

http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html

Examples


# download rawinsonde profile from Vienna (WMO ID: 11035) for 23 August 2011 1200 UTC:

  profile = get_sounding(wmo_id = 11035, 
                         yy = 2011,
                         mm = 8, 
                         dd = 23, 
                         hh = 12)
  head(profile)

Exemplary sounding dataset - sample from LBF North Platte (WMO ID: 72562) - 03 July 1999, 00:00 UTC

Description

The object contains pre-downloaded sounding dataset from University of Wyoming sounding database. Dataset can be downloaded with the following syntax: northplatte = get_sounding(wmo_id = 72562, yy = 1999, mm = 7, dd = 3, hh = 00)

Usage

data("northplatte")

Format

A data frame with 71 rows and 6 variables as described in 'get_sounding()'

pressure

pressure [hPa]

altitude

altitude [m]

temp

temperature [degree Celsius]

dpt

dew point temperature [degree Celsius]

wd

wind direction [azimuth as degrees]

ws

wind speed [knots]

Source

http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html

Examples

data(northplatte)
head(northplatte)

Add line to a Skew-T diagram

Description

Calculate X and Y coordinates for lines to be drawn on Skew-T diagram; Draw any line on Skew-T diagram using temperature and pressure as coordinates

Usage

skewt_lines(temp, pressure, ptop = 100, ...)

Arguments

temp

coordinates to be used based on air temperature vector

pressure

coordinates to be used base on air pressure vector

ptop

upper limit of drawn trajectory (default: 100 hPa); use only if a line goes beyond the drawing area

...

other graphical parameters that can be passed to 'lines()' function, such as 'lwd', 'lty', 'col', etc.

Value

adds line on a pre-defined Skew-T plot

Examples


# take a sample sounding profile:
data("sounding_vienna")
attach(sounding_vienna)

# draw empty Skew-T plot:
skewt_plot(temp_stripes = TRUE, close_par = FALSE)

# draw line for dew-point temperature:
skewt_lines(dpt, pressure, type = 'l', col = 'forestgreen', lwd = 2.5) 
# draw line for air temperature:
skewt_lines(temp, pressure, type = 'l', col='red', lwd = 2.5)

Plot empty Skew-T diagram

Description

Function for plotting a customized version of the Skew-T diagram. Please note that drawing Skew-T may require increasing size or modifying aspect ratio of plotting window in order to provide readable results.

Usage

skewt_plot(
  ptop = 100,
  isoterms_col = "#d8be9b",
  temp_stripes = FALSE,
  mixing_ratio_col = "#8470FF90",
  dry_adiabats_col = "#d6878750",
  moist_adiabats_col = "#00FF0095",
  deg45 = FALSE,
  isotherm0 = TRUE,
  close_par = TRUE,
  ...
)

Arguments

ptop

Pressure top level to be used for plotting diagram. Valid options: 200, 150, 100 (default) and 50 hPa

isoterms_col

color to be used for drawing dry isoterms

temp_stripes

logical, whether to draw color stripes for isotherms

mixing_ratio_col

color to be used for drawing mixing ratio isolines and labels. If set to NA or empty string isolines are not drawn

dry_adiabats_col

color to be used for drawing dry adiabats. If set to NA or not provided drawing lines skipped

moist_adiabats_col

color to be used for drawing moist adiabats. If set to NA or not provided drawing lines skipped

deg45

whether to preserve 45 degrees for diagonal isolines on Skew-T diagram regardless ploting window aspect ratio. [logical, default: FALSE]

isotherm0

whether to deliminate 0 degree Celsius isother [logical, default: TRUE]

close_par

if plot will be modified in next steps storing par settings is needed. This logical argument is turned on by default. If you want to modify Skew-T plot in next step set it to FALSE

...

additional (mostly graphical) parameters to be passed

Value

Draws a Skew-T log-p diagram

Examples

skewt_plot(ptop = 100)

skewt_plot(ptop = 150, temp_stripes = TRUE) # add color stripes for temperature

skewt_plot(ptop = 100, close_par = FALSE)
title("Your title")
mtext('WMO ID: 11035, 2011-08-23 1200 UTC', padj = -0.5, col = "white")
data("sounding_vienna")
attach(sounding_vienna)

output = sounding_export(pressure, altitude, temp, dpt, wd, ws)
skewt_lines(output$dpt, output$pressure,type='l',col='forestgreen',lwd = 2.5)
skewt_lines(output$temp,output$pressure,type='l',col='red', lwd = 2.5)
skewt_lines(output$MU,output$pressure, col = "orange", lty = 1, lwd = 2)
skewt_lines(output$tempV,output$pressure, col = "red3", lty = 3, lwd = 1.5)

Plot wind profile using wind barbs

Description

Function for plotting wind direction and wind speed profile with the use of wind barbs. Can be launched as standalone function or coupled with pre-drawn Skew-T diagram.

Usage

sounding_barbs(
  pressure,
  ws,
  wd,
  altitude,
  ptop = 100,
  interpolate = TRUE,
  showaxis = FALSE,
  barb_cex = 0.3,
  ...
)

Arguments

pressure

pressure [hPa]

ws

wind speed [knots]

wd

wind direction [azimuth in degrees]

altitude

altitude [m] (can be above sea level or above ground level as function always consider first level as surface, i.e h = 0 m) - altitude [m]

ptop

Pressure top level [hPa] to be used for plotting wind speed. Valid options should be < 200 hPa (100 by default)

interpolate

logical, draw wind barbs only at interpolated altitudes with 500 m interval (default = TRUE) instead of all wind barbs for a given input dataset

showaxis

logical, drawing bounding box with left axis for pressure heighs (default FALSE)

barb_cex

size of wind barbs (default = 0.3)

...

extra graphic arguments

Value

wind barbs plot for a given vertical profile of atmosphere

Examples

# load examplary dataset:
data("sounding_vienna")
attach(sounding_vienna)
sounding_barbs(pressure = pressure, ws = ws, wd = wd, altitude = altitude,
              interpolate = TRUE, showaxis = TRUE)

Calculate convective parameters

Description

A core function for calculating convective parameters commonly used in the operational prediction of severe convective storms. Returns a vector of parameters.

Usage

sounding_compute(
  pressure,
  altitude,
  temp,
  dpt,
  wd,
  ws,
  accuracy = 2,
  interpolate_step = 5,
  meanlayer_bottom_top = c(0, 500),
  storm_motion = c(999, 999)
)

Arguments

pressure

pressure [hPa]

altitude

altitude [m] (can be above sea level or above ground level as function always consider first level as surface, i.e h = 0 m) altitude [metres]

temp

temperature [degree Celsius]

dpt

dew point temperature [degree Celsius]

wd

wind direction [azimuth in degrees]

ws

wind speed [knots]

accuracy

accuracy of computations where 3 = high (slow), 2 = medium (recommended), 1 = low (fast)

interpolate_step

interpolation step to be used for vertical interpolation. Valid only if 'accuracy' is set to 3 (default is 5 m)

meanlayer_bottom_top

(optional) vector of length 2 for bottom and top heights used for computing parcel starting parameters; default: 0, 500

storm_motion

(optional) for moving storms only - one can define vector of length two with wind speed (m/s) and wind directions (degrees) that will be used to compute adjusted SRH parameters

Details

  1. MU_CAPE

  2. MU_CAPE_M10

  3. MU_CAPE_M10_PT

  4. MU_02km_CAPE

  5. MU_03km_CAPE

  6. MU_HGL_CAPE

  7. MU_CIN

  8. MU_LCL_HGT

  9. MU_LFC_HGT

  10. MU_EL_HGT

  11. MU_LI

  12. MU_LI_M10

  13. MU_WMAX

  14. MU_EL_TEMP

  15. MU_LCL_TEMP

  16. MU_LFC_TEMP

  17. MU_MIXR

  18. MU_CAPE_500

  19. MU_CAPE_500_M10

  20. MU_CAPE_500_M10_PT

  21. MU_CIN_500

  22. MU_LI_500

  23. MU_LI_500_M10

  24. SB_CAPE

  25. SB_CAPE_M10

  26. SB_CAPE_M10_PT

  27. SB_02km_CAPE

  28. SB_03km_CAPE

  29. SB_HGL_CAPE

  30. SB_CIN

  31. SB_LCL_HGT

  32. SB_LFC_HGT

  33. SB_EL_HGT

  34. SB_LI

  35. SB_LI_M10

  36. SB_WMAX

  37. SB_EL_TEMP

  38. SB_LCL_TEMP

  39. SB_LFC_TEMP

  40. SB_MIXR

  41. ML_CAPE

  42. ML_CAPE_M10

  43. ML_CAPE_M10_PT

  44. ML_02km_CAPE

  45. ML_03km_CAPE

  46. ML_HGL_CAPE

  47. ML_CIN

  48. ML_LCL_HGT

  49. ML_LFC_HGT

  50. ML_EL_HGT

  51. ML_LI

  52. ML_LI_M10

  53. ML_WMAX

  54. ML_EL_TEMP

  55. ML_LCL_TEMP

  56. ML_LFC_TEMP

  57. ML_MIXR

  58. LR_0500m

  59. LR_01km

  60. LR_02km

  61. LR_03km

  62. LR_04km

  63. LR_06km

  64. LR_16km

  65. LR_26km

  66. LR_24km

  67. LR_36km

  68. LR_26km_MAX

  69. LR_500700hPa

  70. LR_500800hPa

  71. LR_600800hPa

  72. FRZG_HGT

  73. FRZG_wetbulb_HGT

  74. HGT_max_thetae_03km

  75. HGT_min_thetae_04km

  76. Delta_thetae

  77. Delta_thetae_min04km

  78. Thetae_01km

  79. Thetae_02km

  80. DCAPE

  81. Cold_Pool_Strength

  82. Wind_Index

  83. PRCP_WATER

  84. Moisture_Flux_02km

  85. RH_01km

  86. RH_02km

  87. RH_14km

  88. RH_25km

  89. RH_36km

  90. RH_HGL

  91. BS_0500m

  92. BS_01km

  93. BS_02km

  94. BS_03km

  95. BS_06km

  96. BS_08km

  97. BS_36km

  98. BS_26km

  99. BS_16km

  100. BS_18km

  101. BS_EFF_MU

  102. BS_EFF_SB

  103. BS_EFF_ML

  104. BS_SFC_to_M10

  105. BS_1km_to_M10

  106. BS_2km_to_M10

  107. BS_MU_LFC_to_M10

  108. BS_SB_LFC_to_M10

  109. BS_ML_LFC_to_M10

  110. BS_MW02_to_SM

  111. BS_MW02_to_RM

  112. BS_MW02_to_LM

  113. BS_HGL_to_SM

  114. BS_HGL_to_RM

  115. BS_HGL_to_LM

  116. MW_0500m

  117. MW_01km

  118. MW_02km

  119. MW_03km

  120. MW_06km

  121. MW_13km

  122. SRH_100m_RM

  123. SRH_250m_RM

  124. SRH_500m_RM

  125. SRH_1km_RM

  126. SRH_3km_RM

  127. SRH_36km_RM

  128. SRH_100m_LM

  129. SRH_250m_LM

  130. SRH_500m_LM

  131. SRH_1km_LM

  132. SRH_3km_LM

  133. SRH_36km_LM

  134. SV_500m_RM

  135. SV_01km_RM

  136. SV_03km_RM

  137. SV_500m_LM

  138. SV_01km_LM

  139. SV_03km_LM

  140. MW_SR_500m_RM

  141. MW_SR_01km_RM

  142. MW_SR_03km_RM

  143. MW_SR_500m_LM

  144. MW_SR_01km_LM

  145. MW_SR_03km_LM

  146. MW_SR_VM_500m_RM

  147. MW_SR_VM_01km_RM

  148. MW_SR_VM_03km_RM

  149. MW_SR_VM_500m_LM

  150. MW_SR_VM_01km_LM

  151. MW_SR_VM_03km_LM

  152. SV_FRA_500m_RM

  153. SV_FRA_01km_RM

  154. SV_FRA_03km_RM

  155. SV_FRA_500m_LM

  156. SV_FRA_01km_LM

  157. SV_FRA_03km_LM

  158. Bunkers_RM_A

  159. Bunkers_RM_M

  160. Bunkers_LM_A

  161. Bunkers_LM_M

  162. Bunkers_MW_A

  163. Bunkers_MW_M

  164. Corfidi_downwind_A

  165. Corfidi_downwind_M

  166. Corfidi_upwind_A

  167. Corfidi_upwind_M

  168. K_Index

  169. Showalter_Index

  170. TotalTotals_Index

  171. SWEAT_Index

  172. STP_fix

  173. STP_new

  174. STP_fix_LM

  175. STP_new_LM

  176. SCP_fix

  177. SCP_new

  178. SCP_fix_LM

  179. SCP_new_LM

  180. SHIP

  181. HSI

  182. DCP

  183. MU_WMAXSHEAR

  184. SB_WMAXSHEAR

  185. ML_WMAXSHEAR

  186. MU_EFF_WMAXSHEAR

  187. SB_EFF_WMAXSHEAR

  188. ML_EFF_WMAXSHEAR

  189. EHI_500m

  190. EHI_01km

  191. EHI_03km

  192. EHI_500m_LM

  193. EHI_01km_LM

  194. EHI_03km_LM

  195. SHERBS3

  196. SHERBE

  197. SHERBS3_v2

  198. SHERBE_v2

  199. DEI

  200. DEI_eff

  201. TIP

Value

Named vector of 200+ convective indices

Examples

old_options = options(scipen = 99) 
pressure = c(1000, 855, 700, 500, 300, 100, 10)
altitude = c(0, 1500, 2500, 6000, 8500, 12000, 25000)
temp = c(25, 10, 0, -15, -30, -50, -92)
dpt = c(20, 5, -5, -30, -55, -80, -99)
wd = c(0, 90, 135, 180, 270, 350, 0)
ws = c(5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 5, 0)
accuracy = 2
sounding_compute(pressure, altitude, temp, dpt, wd, ws, accuracy)
options(old_options)

R call to C++ function for calculating thermo- and kinematic indices derived from atmospheric profiling.

Description

More details in the sounding_compute() function

Usage

sounding_default(
  pressure,
  altitude,
  temp,
  dpt,
  wd,
  ws,
  export_profile,
  accuracy,
  interpolate_step,
  meanlayer_bottom_top,
  storm_motion
)

Arguments

pressure

pressure [hPa]

altitude

altitude [meters]

temp

temperature [degree Celsius]

dpt

dew point temperature [degree Celsius]

wd

wind direction [azimuth in degrees]

ws

wind speed [knots]

export_profile

possibility to export interpolated profile on the levels defined in accuracy configuration

accuracy

accuracy of computations where 3 = high (slow), 2 = medium (recommended), 1 = low (fast)

interpolate_step

interpolation step to be used for vertical interpolation. Valid only if 'accuracy' is set to 3 (default is 5 m)

meanlayer_bottom_top

(optional) vector of length 2 for bottom and top heights used for computing parcel starting parameters; default: 0, 500

storm_motion

(optional) for moving storms only - one can define vector of length two with wind speed (m/s) and wind directions (degrees) that will be used to compute adjusted SRH parameters

Value

  1. MU_CAPE

  2. MU_CAPE_M10

  3. MU_CAPE_M10_PT

  4. MU_02km_CAPE

  5. MU_03km_CAPE

  6. MU_HGL_CAPE

  7. MU_CIN

  8. MU_LCL_HGT

  9. MU_LFC_HGT

  10. MU_EL_HGT

  11. MU_LI

  12. MU_LI_M10

  13. MU_WMAX

  14. MU_EL_TEMP

  15. MU_LCL_TEMP

  16. MU_LFC_TEMP

  17. MU_MIXR

  18. MU_CAPE_500

  19. MU_CAPE_500_M10

  20. MU_CAPE_500_M10_PT

  21. MU_CIN_500

  22. MU_LI_500

  23. MU_LI_500_M10

  24. SB_CAPE

  25. SB_CAPE_M10

  26. SB_CAPE_M10_PT

  27. SB_02km_CAPE

  28. SB_03km_CAPE

  29. SB_HGL_CAPE

  30. SB_CIN

  31. SB_LCL_HGT

  32. SB_LFC_HGT

  33. SB_EL_HGT

  34. SB_LI

  35. SB_LI_M10

  36. SB_WMAX

  37. SB_EL_TEMP

  38. SB_LCL_TEMP

  39. SB_LFC_TEMP

  40. SB_MIXR

  41. ML_CAPE

  42. ML_CAPE_M10

  43. ML_CAPE_M10_PT

  44. ML_02km_CAPE

  45. ML_03km_CAPE

  46. ML_HGL_CAPE

  47. ML_CIN

  48. ML_LCL_HGT

  49. ML_LFC_HGT

  50. ML_EL_HGT

  51. ML_LI

  52. ML_LI_M10

  53. ML_WMAX

  54. ML_EL_TEMP

  55. ML_LCL_TEMP

  56. ML_LFC_TEMP

  57. ML_MIXR

  58. LR_0500m

  59. LR_01km

  60. LR_02km

  61. LR_03km

  62. LR_04km

  63. LR_06km

  64. LR_16km

  65. LR_26km

  66. LR_24km

  67. LR_36km

  68. LR_26km_MAX

  69. LR_500700hPa

  70. LR_500800hPa

  71. LR_600800hPa

  72. FRZG_HGT

  73. FRZG_wetbulb_HGT

  74. HGT_max_thetae_03km

  75. HGT_min_thetae_04km

  76. Delta_thetae

  77. Delta_thetae_min04km

  78. Thetae_01km

  79. Thetae_02km

  80. DCAPE

  81. Cold_Pool_Strength

  82. Wind_Index

  83. PRCP_WATER

  84. Moisture_Flux_02km

  85. RH_01km

  86. RH_02km

  87. RH_14km

  88. RH_25km

  89. RH_36km

  90. RH_HGL

  91. BS_0500m

  92. BS_01km

  93. BS_02km

  94. BS_03km

  95. BS_06km

  96. BS_08km

  97. BS_36km

  98. BS_26km

  99. BS_16km

  100. BS_18km

  101. BS_EFF_MU

  102. BS_EFF_SB

  103. BS_EFF_ML

  104. BS_SFC_to_M10

  105. BS_1km_to_M10

  106. BS_2km_to_M10

  107. BS_MU_LFC_to_M10

  108. BS_SB_LFC_to_M10

  109. BS_ML_LFC_to_M10

  110. BS_MW02_to_SM

  111. BS_MW02_to_RM

  112. BS_MW02_to_LM

  113. BS_HGL_to_SM

  114. BS_HGL_to_RM

  115. BS_HGL_to_LM

  116. MW_0500m

  117. MW_01km

  118. MW_02km

  119. MW_03km

  120. MW_06km

  121. MW_13km

  122. SRH_100m_RM

  123. SRH_250m_RM

  124. SRH_500m_RM

  125. SRH_1km_RM

  126. SRH_3km_RM

  127. SRH_36km_RM

  128. SRH_100m_LM

  129. SRH_250m_LM

  130. SRH_500m_LM

  131. SRH_1km_LM

  132. SRH_3km_LM

  133. SRH_36km_LM

  134. SV_500m_RM

  135. SV_01km_RM

  136. SV_03km_RM

  137. SV_500m_LM

  138. SV_01km_LM

  139. SV_03km_LM

  140. MW_SR_500m_RM

  141. MW_SR_01km_RM

  142. MW_SR_03km_RM

  143. MW_SR_500m_LM

  144. MW_SR_01km_LM

  145. MW_SR_03km_LM

  146. MW_SR_VM_500m_RM

  147. MW_SR_VM_01km_RM

  148. MW_SR_VM_03km_RM

  149. MW_SR_VM_500m_LM

  150. MW_SR_VM_01km_LM

  151. MW_SR_VM_03km_LM

  152. SV_FRA_500m_RM

  153. SV_FRA_01km_RM

  154. SV_FRA_03km_RM

  155. SV_FRA_500m_LM

  156. SV_FRA_01km_LM

  157. SV_FRA_03km_LM

  158. Bunkers_RM_A

  159. Bunkers_RM_M

  160. Bunkers_LM_A

  161. Bunkers_LM_M

  162. Bunkers_MW_A

  163. Bunkers_MW_M

  164. Corfidi_downwind_A

  165. Corfidi_downwind_M

  166. Corfidi_upwind_A

  167. Corfidi_upwind_M

  168. K_Index

  169. Showalter_Index

  170. TotalTotals_Index

  171. SWEAT_Index

  172. STP_fix

  173. STP_new

  174. STP_fix_LM

  175. STP_new_LM

  176. SCP_fix

  177. SCP_new

  178. SCP_fix_LM

  179. SCP_new_LM

  180. SHIP

  181. HSI

  182. DCP

  183. MU_WMAXSHEAR

  184. SB_WMAXSHEAR

  185. ML_WMAXSHEAR

  186. MU_EFF_WMAXSHEAR

  187. SB_EFF_WMAXSHEAR

  188. ML_EFF_WMAXSHEAR

  189. EHI_500m

  190. EHI_01km

  191. EHI_03km

  192. EHI_500m_LM

  193. EHI_01km_LM

  194. EHI_03km_LM

  195. SHERBS3

  196. SHERBE

  197. SHERBS3_v2

  198. SHERBE_v2

  199. DEI

  200. DEI_eff

  201. TIP

Examples

pressure = c(1000, 855, 700, 500, 300, 100, 10) 
altitude = c(0, 1500, 2500, 6000, 8500, 12000, 25000)
temp = c(25, 10, 0, -15, -30, -50, -92)
dpt = c(20, 5, -5, -30, -55, -80, -99)
wd = c(0, 90, 135, 180, 270, 350, 0)
ws = c(5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 5, 0)
sounding_default(pressure, altitude, temp, dpt, wd, ws,
                 accuracy = 3,
                 export_profile = 0,
                 interpolate_step = 5,
                 storm_motion = c(999, 999, 999),
                 meanlayer_bottom_top = c(0, 500))

Sounding export

Description

Internal package function for exporting interpolated profile with 5 m (or user-defined) steps

Usage

sounding_export(
  pressure,
  altitude,
  temp,
  dpt,
  wd,
  ws,
  accuracy = 3,
  interpolate_step = 5,
  meanlayer_bottom_top = c(0, 500),
  storm_motion = c(999, 999)
)

Arguments

pressure

pressure [hPa]

altitude

altitude [m] (can be above sea level or above ground level as function always consider first level as surface, i.e h = 0 m) altitude [meters]

temp

temperature [degree Celsius]

dpt

dew point temperature [degree Celsius]

wd

wind direction [azimuth in degrees]

ws

wind speed [knots]

accuracy

accuracy of computations where 3 = high (slow), 2 = medium (recommended), 1 = low (fast)

interpolate_step

interpolation step to be used for vertical interpolation. Valid only if 'accuracy' is set to 3 (default is set to 5 m)

meanlayer_bottom_top

(optional) vector of length 2 for bottom and top heights used for computing parcel starting parameters; default: 0, 500

storm_motion

(optional) for moving storms only - one can define vector of length two with wind speed [m/s] and wind directions [degrees] that will be used to compute adjusted SRH parameters

Value

Data frame of computed values for visualizing parcel trajectories

  1. pressure pressure [hPa]

  2. altitude altitude [m]

  3. temp temperature [degree Celsius]

  4. tempV virtual temperature [degree Celsius]

  5. dpt dew point temperature [degree Celsius]

  6. wd wind direction [azimuth in degrees]

  7. ws wind speed [knots]

  8. MU temperature for most unstable CAPE trajectory [degree Celsius]

  9. SB temperature for surface based CAPE trajectory [degree Celsius]

  10. ML temperature for mixed layer CAPE trajectory [degree Celsius]

Examples

data("sounding_vienna")
attach(sounding_vienna)
skewt_plot(close_par = FALSE)
output = sounding_export(pressure, altitude, temp, dpt, wd, ws)
skewt_lines(output$dpt, output$pressure, col = "forestgreen", lwd = 2.5)
skewt_lines(output$temp, output$pressure, col = "red", lwd = 2.5)
skewt_lines(output$MU, output$pressure, col = "orange", lty = 1, lwd = 2)
skewt_lines(output$tempV, output$pressure, col = "red3", lty = 3, lwd = 1.5)

Plot hodograph based on rawinsonde data

Description

Plot hodograph to show changes in wind speed and wind direction with height

Usage

sounding_hodograph(
  ws,
  wd,
  altitude,
  max_hght = 12000,
  max_speed = 25,
  lab_hghts = c(0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12),
  close_par = TRUE,
  SRH_polygon = "03km_RM",
  storm_motion = c(999, 999),
  ...
)

Arguments

ws

wind speed [knots]

wd

wind direction [azimuth in degrees]

altitude

altitude [m] (can be above sea level or above ground level as function always consider first level as surface, i.e h = 0 m) altitude [m]

max_hght

maximum altitude [km] to be considered on the hodograph, 12 km used by default

max_speed

displayed range of the drawn hodograph [m/s], 25 m/s used as default

lab_hghts

height labels [km] to be drawn on the hodograph, 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 used by default; NULL for skipping labels

close_par

if plot will be modified in next steps storing par settings is needed. This logical argument is turned on by default. If you want to modify Skew-T plot in next step set it to FALSE

SRH_polygon

draws polygon for storm-relative helicity, available options are "0500m", "01km", "03km", "36km", "none", "03km" used as default

storm_motion

(optional) for moving storms only - one can define wind speed [m/s] and wind directions [degrees] that will be used to compute adjusted SRH parameters

...

other graphical parameters to be used with plot() function

Value

hodograph plot

Examples

#northplatte = get_sounding(wmo_id = 72562, yy = 1999, mm = 7, dd = 3, hh = 0)
data("northplatte") 
sounding_hodograph(
  ws = northplatte$ws, wd = northplatte$wd,
  altitude = northplatte$altitude, max_speed = 40
)
title("North Platte - 3 July 1999, 00:00 UTC")

Plot Skew-T, hodograph and convective indices on a single layout

Description

Function to plot a composite graphics with Skew-T, hodograph and selected convective parameters on a single layout

Usage

sounding_plot(
  pressure,
  altitude,
  temp,
  dpt,
  wd,
  ws,
  title = "",
  parcel = "MU",
  max_speed = 25,
  buoyancy_polygon = TRUE,
  SRH_polygon = "03km_RM",
  DCAPE = FALSE,
  meanlayer_bottom_top = c(0, 500),
  storm_motion = c(999, 999),
  ...
)

Arguments

pressure

pressure [hPa]

altitude

altitude [m] (can be above sea level or above ground level as function always consider first level as surface, i.e h = 0 m) - altitude [meters]

temp

temperature [degree Celsius]

dpt

dew point temperature [degree Celsius]

wd

wind direction [azimuth in degrees]

ws

wind speed [knots]

title

title to be added in the layout's header

parcel

parcel tracing on Skew-T for "MU", "ML" or "SB" parcel, "none" for no parcel line.

max_speed

range of the hodograph to be drawn, 25 m/s used as default

buoyancy_polygon

logical, plotting area of parcel's positive (yellow) or negative (red) buoyancy (default = TRUE)

SRH_polygon

draws polygon for storm-relative helicity, available options are "0500m", "01km", "03km", "36km", "none", "03km" used as default

DCAPE

draws downdraft parcel and polygon of downdraft's negative buoyancy (default = FALSE)

meanlayer_bottom_top

(optional) vector of length 2 for bottom and top heights used for computing parcel starting parameters; default: 0, 500

storm_motion

(optional) for moving storms only - one can define vector of length two with wind speed [m/s] and wind directions [degrees] that will be used to compute adjusted SRH parameters

...

extra graphical arguments to be added

Value

panel of Skew-T, hodograph and table with convective indices drawn on a pre-defined single layout

Examples

data("sounding_vienna")
sounding_vienna = na.omit(sounding_vienna)
sounding_plot(sounding_vienna$pressure, sounding_vienna$altitude,
  sounding_vienna$temp, sounding_vienna$dpt,
  sounding_vienna$wd, sounding_vienna$ws,
  parcel = "MU", title = "Vienna - 23 August 2011, 12:00 UTC"
)

Save 'sounding_layout' to a graphical file

Description

Auxiliary function to 'sounding_plot' that plots a composite \ of Skew-T, hodograph and selected convective parameters \ on a single layout and saves as graphical file.

Usage

sounding_save(
  pressure,
  altitude,
  temp,
  dpt,
  wd,
  ws,
  title = "",
  parcel = "MU",
  max_speed = 25,
  buoyancy_polygon = TRUE,
  SRH_polygon = "03km",
  DCAPE = FALSE,
  filename,
  ...
)

Arguments

pressure

pressure [hPa]

altitude

altitude [m] (can be above sea level or above ground level as function always consider first level as a surface, i.e h = 0 m)

temp

temperature [degree Celsius]

dpt

dew point temperature [degree Celsius]

wd

wind direction in degrees [azimuth in degrees]

ws

wind speed [knots]

title

title to be added in the layout's header

parcel

parcel tracing on Skew-T for "MU", "ML" or "SB" parcel, "none" for no parcel line.

max_speed

range of the hodograph to be drawn, 25 m/s used as default

buoyancy_polygon

logical, plotting area of parcel's positive (yellow) or negative (red) buoyancy (default = TRUE)

SRH_polygon

draws polygon for storm-relative helicity, available options are "0500m", "01km", "03km", "36km", "none", "03km" used as default

DCAPE

draws downdraft parcel and polygon of downdraft's negative buoyancy (default = FALSE)

filename

output file name with extension indicating file format (e.g. "my_plot.png" or "my_plot.svg")

...

other arguments that can be used with 'sounding_plot' or other graphic arguments

Value

graphical file with Skew-T and hodograph on a single layout

Examples


data("sounding_vienna")
attach(sounding_vienna)
sounding_save(filename = tempfile(), 
             pressure, altitude, temp, dpt, wd, ws, parcel = "MU", 
             title = "Vienna - 23 August 2011, 12:00 UTC")

Examplary sounding dataset - sample from Vienna (WMO ID: 11035) - 23 August 2011, 1200 UTC

Description

The object contains pre-downloaded sounding dataset from University of Wyoming sounding database. Dataset can be downloaded with the following syntax: demo_dataset = get_sounding(wmo_id = 11035, yy = 2011, mm = 8, dd = 23, hh = 12)

Usage

data("sounding_vienna")

Format

A data frame with 88 rows and 6 variables as described in 'get_sounding()'

pressure

pressure [hPa]

altitude

altitude [m]

temp

temperature [degree Celsius]

dpt

dew point temperature [degree Celsius]

wd

wind direction [azimuth as degrees]

ws

wind speed [knots]

Source

http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html

Examples

data(sounding_vienna)
head(sounding_vienna)

Plot vertical wind speed profile

Description

Function for plotting wind speed profile. Can be launched as standalone function or coupled with pre-drawn Skew-T diagram.

Usage

sounding_wind(pressure, ws, ptop = 100, yaxs = TRUE, ...)

Arguments

pressure

pressure [hPa]

ws

wind speed [knots]

ptop

pressure top level [hPa] to be used for plotting wind speed. Valid options should be < 200 hPa (100 by default)

yaxs

logic. Whether to add labels to heights on Y lab

...

extra graphic arguments

Value

graphical representation of vertical wind speed profile

Examples

# load examplary dataset:
data("sounding_vienna")
attach(sounding_vienna)
sounding_wind(pressure = pressure, ws = ws, yaxs = TRUE)

Download file in a graceful way

Description

Function for downloading & testing url/internet connection according to CRAN policy Example solution strongly based on https://community.rstudio.com/t/internet-resources-should-fail-gracefully/49199/12 as suggested by kvasilopoulos

Usage

test_url(link, output, quiet = FALSE)

Arguments

link

character vector with URL to check

output

character vector for output file name

quiet

logical vector (TRUE or FALSE) to be passed to curl_download function. FALSE by default

Value

No return value, called for side effects to check for internet connection

Examples


 link = "http://httpbin.org/status/200"
 output = tempfile()
 test_url(link = link, output = output)

Wind barbs

Description

A function to plot a wind barb. This is a modified version of 'station.symbol' function from the RadioSonde package. Currently wind barbs are supported up to 190 knots.

Usage

windbarbs(cx, cy, direction, speed = NA, cex = 1)

Arguments

cx

x coordinates on a plot

cy

y coordinates on a plot

direction

wind direction (0-360 degrees)

speed

wind speed in knots

cex

symbol size. Default 1

Value

wind barb graphics

Examples

plot(1, xaxt = 'n', yaxt = 'n', xlab = "", ylab = "", frame = FALSE)
windbarbs(cx = 1, cy = 1, direction = 120, speed = 99, cex = 5)

# multiplot
oldpar = par(no.readonly = TRUE)

par(mfrow=c(5,4), mar = c(1,1,1,1))
for (i in 19:38){
  sc = 5
  plot(0:2, xaxt = 'n', yaxt = 'n', type = "n", xlab = "", ylab = "")
  text(1.4,1, i*sc, cex = 1.5)
  windbarbs(cx = 2, cy = 1, direction = 60, speed = i*sc, cex = 3)
}

par(oldpar) # restore drawing settings